"rounen" meaning in Middle English

See rounen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈruːnən/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English rūnian, from Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn; by surface analysis, roune (“conversation”) + -en (infinitive suffix). Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|rūnian|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English rūnian, {{inh+|enm|ang|rūnian}} Inherited from Old English rūnian, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*rūnōn}} Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn, {{surf|enm|roune|-en|id1=conversation|id2=infinitival|nocap=1|pos2=infinitive suffix|t1=conversation}} by surface analysis, roune (“conversation”) + -en (infinitive suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} rounen, {{enm-verb|stem=roun}} rounen (third-person singular simple present rouneth, present participle rounende, rounynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rouned) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|roun|c=ede}} Forms: rouneth [present, singular, third-person], rounende [participle, present], rounynge [participle, present], rouned [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], weak [table-tags], rounen [infinitive], to rounen [infinitive], roune [infinitive], roune [first-person, present, singular], rouned [first-person, past, singular], rounede [first-person, past, singular], rounest [present, second-person, singular], rounedest [past, second-person, singular], rouneth [present, singular, third-person], rouned [past, singular, third-person], rounede [past, singular, third-person], roune [present, singular, subjunctive], rouned [past, singular, subjunctive], rounede [past, singular, subjunctive], roune [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], rounen [plural, present], roune [plural, present], rouneden [past, plural], rouned [past, plural], rounede [past, plural], rouneth [imperative, plural, present], roune [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], rounynge [participle, present], rounende [participle, present], rouned [participle, past], yrouned [participle, past], roun [alternative], roune [alternative], rownen [alternative], rouni [alternative, Early-Middle-English], runien [alternative, Early-Middle-English], rouny [alternative, Early-Middle-English], runan [alternative, Early-Middle-English], runen [alternative, Early-Middle-English], ronde [alternative, Late-Middle-English], rounde [alternative, Late-Middle-English], rowne [alternative, Late-Middle-English], rone [alternative, Northern, especially], rowun [alternative, Northern, especially], run [alternative, Northern, especially], rune [alternative, Northern, especially]
  1. (ambitransitive) To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):
    To whisper; to speak in a hushed voice.
    Tags: ambitransitive
    Sense id: en-rounen-enm-verb-U~YI7pLN Categories (other): Talking Disambiguation of Talking: 14 14 30 30 12
  2. (ambitransitive) To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):
    To mutter; to complain repressedly.
    Tags: ambitransitive
    Sense id: en-rounen-enm-verb-TmebOmme Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Talking Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 27 36 9 19 9 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 27 36 12 12 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 34 46 7 7 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 52 5 6 5 Disambiguation of Talking: 14 14 30 30 12
  3. (ambitransitive) To speak or talk (about something or to someone):
    To deliberate or discuss (about something)
    Tags: ambitransitive
    Sense id: en-rounen-enm-verb-U2e-8A5p Categories (other): Talking Disambiguation of Talking: 14 14 30 30 12
  4. (ambitransitive) To speak or talk (about something or to someone):
    (transitive, rare) To suggest or decide (something)
    Tags: ambitransitive, rare, transitive
    Sense id: en-rounen-enm-verb-VHC17XHX Categories (other): Talking Disambiguation of Talking: 14 14 30 30 12
  5. (intransitive, rare) To cry or moan. Tags: intransitive, rare
    Sense id: en-rounen-enm-verb-Q4Mh5eWV Categories (other): Talking Disambiguation of Talking: 14 14 30 30 12
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): Communication Disambiguation of Communication: 0 0 0 0 0

Alternative forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Communication",
      "orig": "enm:Communication",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "roun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "round"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "roun"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "round"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "roun"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "roun"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "round"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "round"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "roun"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "round"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "rownd"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "rūnian",
      "runian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*rūnōn",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rūnōn"
    ],
    [
      "roune",
      "roune#Middle_English:_conversation"
    ],
    [
      "-en",
      "-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rūnian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rūnian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rūnian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English rūnian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rūnōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "roune",
        "3": "-en",
        "id1": "conversation",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pos2": "infinitive suffix",
        "t1": "conversation"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, roune (“conversation”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English rūnian, from Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn; by surface analysis, roune (“conversation”) + -en (infinitive suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rouneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to rounen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rownen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouni",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouny",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runan",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ronde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rowne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rowun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "run",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rune",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rounen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "roun"
      },
      "expansion": "rounen (third-person singular simple present rouneth, present participle rounende, rounynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rouned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "roun",
        "c": "ede"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 30 30 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):",
        "To whisper; to speak in a hushed voice."
      ],
      "id": "en-rounen-enm-verb-U~YI7pLN",
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "privately",
          "privately"
        ],
        [
          "secretly",
          "secretly"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone#English"
        ],
        [
          "whisper",
          "whisper"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "hush",
          "hush"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):",
        "To whisper; to speak in a hushed voice."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 36 9 19 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 36 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 46 7 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 52 5 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 30 30 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):",
        "To mutter; to complain repressedly."
      ],
      "id": "en-rounen-enm-verb-TmebOmme",
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "privately",
          "privately"
        ],
        [
          "secretly",
          "secretly"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone#English"
        ],
        [
          "mutter",
          "mutter"
        ],
        [
          "complain",
          "complain"
        ],
        [
          "repressedly",
          "repressedly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):",
        "To mutter; to complain repressedly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 30 30 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak or talk (about something or to someone):",
        "To deliberate or discuss (about something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-rounen-enm-verb-U2e-8A5p",
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone#English"
        ],
        [
          "deliberate",
          "deliberate"
        ],
        [
          "discuss",
          "discuss"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To speak or talk (about something or to someone):",
        "To deliberate or discuss (about something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 30 30 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak or talk (about something or to someone):",
        "To suggest or decide (something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-rounen-enm-verb-VHC17XHX",
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone#English"
        ],
        [
          "suggest",
          "suggest"
        ],
        [
          "decide",
          "decide"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To speak or talk (about something or to someone):",
        "(transitive, rare) To suggest or decide (something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 30 30 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cry or moan."
      ],
      "id": "en-rounen-enm-verb-Q4Mh5eWV",
      "links": [
        [
          "cry",
          "cry"
        ],
        [
          "moan",
          "moan"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, rare) To cry or moan."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruːnən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rounen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Communication",
    "enm:Talking"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "roun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "round"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "roun"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "round"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "roun"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "roun"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "round"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "round"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "roun"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "round"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "rownd"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "rūnian",
      "runian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*rūnōn",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rūnōn"
    ],
    [
      "roune",
      "roune#Middle_English:_conversation"
    ],
    [
      "-en",
      "-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rūnian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rūnian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rūnian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English rūnian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rūnōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "roune",
        "3": "-en",
        "id1": "conversation",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pos2": "infinitive suffix",
        "t1": "conversation"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, roune (“conversation”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English rūnian, from Proto-West Germanic *rūnōn; by surface analysis, roune (“conversation”) + -en (infinitive suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rouneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to rounen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrouned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roune",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rownen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouni",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rouny",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runan",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ronde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rounde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rowne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rowun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "run",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rune",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rounen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "roun"
      },
      "expansion": "rounen (third-person singular simple present rouneth, present participle rounende, rounynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rouned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "roun",
        "c": "ede"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):",
        "To whisper; to speak in a hushed voice."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "privately",
          "privately"
        ],
        [
          "secretly",
          "secretly"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone#English"
        ],
        [
          "whisper",
          "whisper"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "hush",
          "hush"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):",
        "To whisper; to speak in a hushed voice."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):",
        "To mutter; to complain repressedly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "privately",
          "privately"
        ],
        [
          "secretly",
          "secretly"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone#English"
        ],
        [
          "mutter",
          "mutter"
        ],
        [
          "complain",
          "complain"
        ],
        [
          "repressedly",
          "repressedly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To speak privately or secretly (about something or to someone):",
        "To mutter; to complain repressedly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak or talk (about something or to someone):",
        "To deliberate or discuss (about something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone#English"
        ],
        [
          "deliberate",
          "deliberate"
        ],
        [
          "discuss",
          "discuss"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To speak or talk (about something or to someone):",
        "To deliberate or discuss (about something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak or talk (about something or to someone):",
        "To suggest or decide (something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone#English"
        ],
        [
          "suggest",
          "suggest"
        ],
        [
          "decide",
          "decide"
        ],
        [
          "something",
          "something#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To speak or talk (about something or to someone):",
        "(transitive, rare) To suggest or decide (something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cry or moan."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cry",
          "cry"
        ],
        [
          "moan",
          "moan"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, rare) To cry or moan."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruːnən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rounen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rounen meaning in Middle English (9.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.